Category: Main

The Main Parts of Sanitary Butterfly Valves

You understand how essential the butterfly valve is if you have functioned for a lengthy time in the pharmaceutical as well as beverage sector. Do you truly know how they function? Even better, do you know the main parts that make a butterfly shutoff?

Butterfly valves are utilized to regulate the flow of liquids. The framework and also system of a butterfly faucet are both comparable to those of a ball shutoff. This means a spherical disc with an opening as well as a pole that goes through the disc so that when the tap is open, the liquid supposed to stream through it will flow transparently. fully lined PTFE butterfly valve Manufacturer When the tap is shut, the flow will certainly be blocked. There are 4 almosts all that allow the sanitary butterfly valves to work: the body, the seat, the manage as well as the driver. The majority of high-performance butterfly valves have bodies that can easily fit in between 2 pipes. This permits the valves to raise performance. Not all valves are the very same. Some are designed for beverages while others are created for pharmaceutical medications.

The technology behind hygienic butterfly valves has grown progressively over time. The larger the size of a butterfly valve, the more pressure it can endure.

Each part of a butterfly shutoff adds in one method or one more to its efficiency and also capability.

  • Disc – The shutoff includes the use of a huge turning disc as it is a control gadget. It acts as the primary fluid passage that the faucet controls. An initial use of the disc was mainly to manage the circulation of water in the pipes systems. This is sensible due to the fact that the shutoff is developed to be utilized to manage the jet and also isolate of water as well as various other liquids. The tap can also be utilized to regulate the access as well as exit of air in auto carburetors.
  • Seat – The seat utilizes the reasoning modification between the side of the disc and also the seat to make certain that the valve stops. The metal is mainly made use of when the valve has to hold up against extreme temperature levels.

Adamant Valves design and also make a vast array of stainless-steel sanitary shutoffs as well as installations such as sanitary butterfly valves, hygienic sphere valves, hygienic check valves, sanitary sight glasses, and sanitary unions, and so on. They are commonly utilized in the dairy, food, drink, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, as well as various other industrial markets.

Guidelines for buying Jianzhi malleable steel pipe fittings

Jianzhi flexible iron pipe installations utilize in water systems, petrochemical systems, gas systems, pipes systems, among which plastic-lined pipeline installations can utilize in drinking water systems.

Benefits of structure flexible iron pipe installations

Heavier weight

Compared to other nationwide conventional pipeline fittings, the top quality of Jianzhi flexible iron pipeline installations is heavier. Jianzhi Team does not hesitate to boost expenses however also to make certain the quality of its items.

The much better stunning look

Due to years of experience in modeling and also casting and leading technological benefits, Jianzhi items have the best appearance as well as monotony in China. The galvanized surface area is level and smooth. The personality has no considerable sunken sand hole deposit marks due to the fact that the molding sand is fine.

One of the most precise thread

The pipeline thread standard of the construction branch is the most strict in the sector. The size and precision of the pipeline thread purely follow the nationwide standard, the installment is simple as well as labor-saving, and also the sealing performance is great.

Highest Award

Jianzhi Foundry Team has the highest possible reward standard. One grey component pays USD230, one through-hole component pays USD70, as well as one unqualified product pays USD31. At the same time, due to the top quality and credibility of Jianzhi, our company has efficiently insured with individuals’s Insurer of China to give insurance compensation for customer losses brought on by problems in Jianzhi items!

Product groups, the full specs

Jianzhi malleable iron pipeline fittings have the complete selections as well as specifications.

The most collection, the widest variety of rate selection

In order to meet the requirements of consumers in various rate markets, our malleable steel pipe fittings are separated into 3 series according to their product layout standards: national standard, enterprise standard square edge, and also venture conventional round side. M.I. Pipe fitting According to the look handling modern technology, it can be separated right into 3 series: black components, hot-dip cold-dip and also galvanized galvanized. We can supply customers with 9 different choices for the exact same type of product. There is a big space for customer price option, which can fully satisfy the needs of different consumers.

Enough production capacity as well as secure supply

Jianzhi Casting Team is the only manufacturing facility in China that uses all-electric heater smelting. It was the very first to desert cupola smelting. At the same time, Rigorous conformity with national environmental protection demands.

At the same time, our business has actually developed a second production base in Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, so it is exempt from restricting the production limitation plan in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area. The annual production capability is up to 400,000 tonsTherefore, Jianzhi products can supply consumers with a guaranteed manufacturing cycle as well as shipment cycle to prevent scarcities.

Due to years of experience in modeling and also spreading as well as leading technical advantages, Jianzhi products have the finest appearance as well as flatness in China. Jianzhi Factory Team has the greatest reward criterion. At the same time, due to the quality and online reputation of Jianzhi, our business has successfully guaranteed with the Individuals’s Insurance Firm of China to provide insurance settlement for customer losses created by problems in Jianzhi products!

In order to meet the requirements of customers in different price markets, our malleable steel pipe fittings are divided into 3 series according to their item layout requirements: national criterion, venture basic square edge, and enterprise basic round side. Jianzhi Spreading Group is the only factory in China that uses all-electric heater smelting.

All We At any point Need to Be familiar with LED downlights

Regular lighting is quick being swopped out for Drove choices. One of the principal purposes behind this move is the gigantic decrease in power charges we can insight by changing to Drove. Regardless of whether we’re not utilizing sunlight based chargers to drive up, Drove cuts our power use by around 80%. As well as being exceptionally energy effective, LED downlights are the most eco-accommodating and tidy method for illuminating our daily routines and experiencing spaces.

Naturally Well disposed

As we accomplish other things to safeguard our world’s regular assets, one of the least difficult ways of taking part in turning out to be more eco-accommodating is to change our lighting to Drove. Since LEDs last as much as quite a bit longer than other lighting choices, LED downlights don’t require supplanting as frequently. Inside the more extensive structure of assembling, bundling and transportation processes, the effect on our current circumstance is significantly decreased. Driven are likewise liberated from poisonous materials and recyclable.

Long Life

One of the top justifications for why Driven downlights are the better decision is the long existence of Driven. Since this kind of lighting doesn’t wear out or quit working in the very way that regular lighting does, Drove can be left on for expanded hours will in any cob flicker free downlight supplier case work reliably for a really long time. At the point when left on for expanded periods, the diodes normally transmit less light, making further energy investment funds.

Tough Plan

All around planned LED downlights are incredibly tough. Made utilizing materials that can endure vibration, shocks and outer effects, LEDs are broadly utilized inside as well as in harsher open air settings where weighty atmospheric conditions like downpour, wind, snow or slush are found. This sort of lighting is very much protected against outside impedance like defacement and is helpful in traffic signal circumstances and public regions, walkways, and huge structures.

Driven Downlights and Dimmers

While trading out your customary lighting for LED downlights, changing dimmer changes to Drove viable dimmers is conceivable. It’s vital to roll out this improvement on the grounds that the heap is definitely less with Driven than with ordinary lighting, being around 30W contrasted with 240W.

Low Bright Emanation

One more significant contrast between regular lighting and LED downlights is the way that Drove enlightens without creating high infrared light or UV discharges. This pursues Drove a better decision for lighting utilized than feature touchy materials or items. Items that might be impacted by an excessive amount of intensity will flourish under Drove. Notable ancient rarities are more secure in exhibitions where Driven is utilized.

Premium Quality LED downlights

In supplanting our regular light fittings with LED downlights, it is advantageous to search out the best quality fittings and Drove we can find. This addresses higher reserve funds in the more drawn out term as the LEDs will keep going for quite a long time without losing strength and the top notch quality ones offer astonishing plan adaptability. Of the organizations at the main edge of Driven produce who spend significant time in advanced Drove plan.

Imaginative Exercises to Capitalize on Vinyl Flooring

Vinyl flooring is moderately minimal expense and tough. Various examples mimic wood or tile, yet a few property holders neglect to see the value in the likely benefits of a material reasonable and simple to supplant. Here are only a couple of the exercises that you would have no desire to endeavor in rooms with additional costly choices like hardwood or costly rug.

Skate Party

The smooth surface of vinyl flooring doesn’t catch roller skates like a rug would, and the minimal expense of the material implies that you don’t need to stress over scraping the surface. Proficient skating arenas use hardwood supports, however they should be waxed and reemerged occasionally. A hardwood surface would be excessively costly for some property holders to introduce in a sporting space, and those that can manage the cost of the speculation commonly would have zero desire to take a chance with harming the wood with skates. Whether the material is applied in a huge roll or in more modest fiber-supported sheets, vinyl doesn’t normally give a lot of extra construction or solidness. The surface under should be hard and smooth to the point of supporting a movement like skating.

Expressions and Artworks

Now and again held for pantries and different regions that should be effectively cleaned, vinyl is praised for its solidness and the straightforwardness with which it tends to be supplanted. As opposed to just involving this material in utilitarian spaces like the pantry, lowes vinyl flooring roll a more imaginative property holder could involve it for imaginative spaces like an expressions and specialties room. The utilization of paints and workmanship supplies inside implies spills that would destroy cover or costly wood finishes, so this is an extraordinary choice for families with kids.

Life-Size Hungry Hippos

For your next party with teens or youthful on the most fundamental level companions, think about playing a daily existence estimated rendition of hungry hippos. With four enormous dishes, four moving beds, and a huge assortment of little balls, you can have a significant game. The moving bed can be a moving base for huge pruned plants, skateboards, or anything little with wheels that can uphold an individual’s weight. Four players, assigned as “hippos,” rests on their stomachs upheld by the skateboard or another moving gadget. The hippos are each given a huge bowl or container with which to gather however many balls as would be prudent, utilizing the bowl topsy turvy to catch and drag balls. Every hippo has a partner that gets them by the legs and rolls them to and fro into the focal fight to catch balls and back to store ruins into a heap. The couple that gathers the most balls wins. A property holder who endeavors the game on hardwood floors might see as the surface intolerably scraped.

There are many motivations to consider less expensive materials around the home, yet one of the most pragmatic reasons is that most families get greater pleasure out of exercises and need to stress less over harm or substitution instead of costly floor covering. Given restricted funds, the selection of materials turns out to be more centered around utility. Indeed, even with a working class pay, in any case, the decision of Vinyl Flooring can create for additional open doors for family fun.

Glass Working environment Desk areas The Prevalent Determination For Organizations

Bluespace offered portable various screens all around of entryways, a projection framework, prevalent individual lighting, warming and wind current controls, and a lot of programming program purposes to organize each seemingly insignificant detail. A desk area can moreover be known as a work area work area, work environment desk area, desk area workstation, or simply a dice. An office brimming with work spaces is regularly called an ocean of work spaces, and besides called cases (like 4-unit or 8-unit of 3D squares) or a dice ranch. Albeit diverting, the expression frequently has unfriendly meanings.

A few firms are fiddling with the plans to make them extra livable.

At Wray Ward, supervisors acknowledged in the wake of moving in that the five show rooms had been regularly being used. “Something we underrated,” Ms. According to appleby, “was the need for individual protection for calls.” The firm is adding two little non-public rooms. To discuss a delicate staff matter, David Lewis, leader of OperationsInc, a Stamford, Conn., HR counseling firm, just recently met with a client in a flight of stairs.

They need a confidential office desk area with an entryway and a couple of contact down work areas for when those representatives are in the work environment. Protection is significant in a work environment climate, and on the off chance that you don’t have more than adequate region for discrete work environments, segments is an effective method for offering a region for gatherings and laborers briefings. Work spaces and parcels are best for shutting Glass Office Partitions out sound and foundation commotion which decreases interruption. There is likewise the decision of hardened glass segments which supplies each work environment an inherent truly feel anyway permits region for privateness.

That is the reason we back them with a 10-year limited guarantee.

Acoustic Glass parceling techniques conveys the final say regarding acoustic effectiveness. Accessible in both single, twofold coated and joined decisions, guaranteeing you could acquire the sort you want with your acoustics needs. Boisterous voices can’t be heard via acoustic glass parts which is an optimal solution for group gatherings or those immensely significant classified discussions.

Give region outwardly and acoustically isolated from bunch space to allow for center. Furthermore, give clients specific individual stockpiling for a determination of materials. Smooth lines and an unbiased shade bed grant stations to coordinate just into any work environment setting.

Outfitting organizations are provided in spite of the fact that G.C.C. what’s more, Overall giving imaginative choices by remembering each task necessity, a group of talented originators will transform a fantasy working environment into reality. Glass work environment and work area allotments are basic and down to earth. These glass privateness walls and glass parcel nooks are high grade, portable walls that offer you adaptability and a cutting edge style to oblige home or office needs. As well as causing the region they to possess appear to be bigger, their straightforwardness permits gentle to channel all through the room higher. In the midst of a push towards transparency in the working environment, more people are working in glass work environments or meeting rooms.

The bundling was a ton appreciated, and worked really hard protecting them from hurt as we moved them into place of work. The specialized stockpiling or passage is expected to make client profiles to deliver publicizing, or to follow the client on a site or across various sites for comparable promoting purposes. The specialized stockpiling or access that is utilized only for anonymous measurable purposes.

China Dad Wire Rope Steel Pulley Lifting Crane Smaller than normal Electric Derrick 100kg Providers, Makers

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Risk and preventive measures of personal housing mortgage loans of commercial banks in China

  Overview of the development of personal housing mortgage loans of commercial banks in China

  The development history of housing mortgage loans in China is not long, the development process of Chinese real estate, from 1978 reform and development, has gone through 30 years, the personal housing loan industry has undergone a period of evolution, forming a relatively standard development pattern, however, the scale has also expanded a lot. The analysis process of the credit crisis of commercial bank personal housing mortgage loans, in order to further the understanding of the credit crisis of personal housing loans, to carry forward the understanding of China and personal housing loan control.

  In recent years, China’s real estate industry has maintained a high growth rate, bringing the best real estate development. Due to the profit environment of the vast own transactions, various commercial banks have been involved in the real estate credit market, and residential housing mortgage loans account for a large proportion of residential consumer loans.

  Risk analysis of personal housing mortgage loans of commercial banks in China

  As the housing credit crisis is relatively small, commercial banks often neglect their original crisis, the crisis of personal housing pledge loans of commercial banks in China mainly face the following aspects of the crisis.

  (i) Credit risk

  In China’s commercial banks, the borrower’s willingness to repay the loan and the ability to repay the loan are particularly critical information, while the protection of personal information in China is not yet regulated by relevant laws, information systems are incomplete, and information asymmetry often occurs in the banking business so that customers will suffer great unnecessary losses. The personal housing loan transaction also has the same information asymmetry, the loan bank can issue the loan by attaching the crisis income interest rate, so that the borrower is subject to the market risk and also subject to the loan credit risk, a variety of factors in the market will affect the borrower’s solvency, due to the information asymmetry may cause the borrower’s moral hazard, commercial banks can not fully grasp the borrower Due to the asymmetric information, commercial banks cannot fully grasp the changes of the borrower’s solvency, and since China’s personal credit system is still under construction, the borrower may default and not return the loan.

  (ii) Mortgage risk

  Since the housing pledge loan crisis mortgage brain loan guarantee as a secondary source of repayment of money commercial banks, when a borrower can not pay back the loan principal and interest, commercial banks are able to deal with the pledge in accordance with the law to enjoy the first to receive compensation to remedy their losses. However, the pledge price crisis and the pledge disposal crisis also plague commercial banks. The market crisis of the pledge price and the intentional crisis of the pledge price are the important components of the pledge price crisis.

  (iii) Liquidity risk

  The assets of commercial banks are derived from corporate income, savings income and other short-term deposits, and the duration of individual housing pledge loans is very long and slow to recover, and there is a mismatch between the source of funds and the time of use. The main reason why commercial banks cannot achieve the standard operation is because of the relatively poor liquidity of personal housing mortgage loans.

  (iv) Interest rate risk

  Interest rate risk refers to the possibility that changes in the level of interest rates will cause commercial banks to lose income from their assets. If the loan interest rate rises, the borrower’s repayment responsibility will become larger and once his income level cannot keep up with the excess mortgage, the borrower may not be able to afford it and will not be able to repay the principal and interest of the loan. Then the following is the impact of interest rate changes on home mortgage loans.

  Measures to prevent the risk of personal home mortgage loans of commercial banks in China

  Chinese commercial banks to be based on China’s commercial banks self housing loan crisis governance issues, from the perspective of the crisis faced by commercial banks personal housing transactions, to do all of China’s financial line open to the outside world, fully open to the outside world must be developed from the positive side of the challenge, personal housing mortgage loans, the four risks of commercial banks, commercial banks can take the following measures.

  (A) the establishment of a personal credit system to control the risk of borrower default

  China’s personal credit system construction is the end of the ninth five-year plan of the domestic market weakness, the lack of domestic demand proposed and began to take off, increase with the increase of commercial banks personal consumer credit business objective requirements of the development of China’s commercial banks consumer credit business and rectify the deepening of the market economic order, personal credit system construction has made some progress, especially since 2000, the Shanghai In particular, since 2000, Shanghai’s “Personal Credit Joint Investigation Service System” has accumulated valuable experience in the construction of China’s personal credit system. However, the construction of the system has just begun, and it has not yet formed a relatively perfect system to stimulate the establishment of China’s self-credit system in general, there are still many problems waiting to be dealt with.

  (2) Establishing a government guarantee system

  Our country can set up a wholly state-owned or state-owned guarantee industry to supply housing credit guarantees for the needy groups. Gain control of existing local regional guarantee companies through mergers and acquisitions, and establish a guarantee network covering large and medium-sized cities across the country by integrating internal operations and establishing branches nationwide. The corporatized operation mode can make the guarantee company more professional and efficient.

  (iii) Strengthening interest rate risk management and liquidity management of personal housing mortgage loans

  First, adjustable rate pledge loan development can adjust the cycle to a one-month interest rate adjustment period, four months, six months or one year, this cycle arrangement method is in accordance with the market interest rate shift rate. Compared with the floating rate, it is the difference between the periodical rate adjustment will help to increase the competition between commercial banks and loans, crisis guaranteed by the bank, move to the borrower’s interest rate rises, as well as transfer the risk borne by the borrower to the commercial bank rate falls. Second, the development of fixed-rate mortgages, mortgages are fixed-rate mortgage contracts, loan terms, loans fixed-rate mortgages. Fixed-rate mortgage model, Bell most commercial banks interest rate risk, if commercial banks can match access to fixed-rate loan funding sources, such as fixed-rate bonds, interest rate swaps, etc., can avoid the corresponding interest rate risk and liquidity risk mismatch. Third, hedging, China’s financial futures market is gradually opening up, commercial banks can manipulate derivative financial instruments to hedge interest rate risk management, offset changes in interest rates caused by changes in property and debt prices through market transactions, and use interbank options, swaps and exchange options to hold lasting interest rate crisis management. Fourth, the development of secondary market transactions of personal housing pledged loans, through the market commercial banks personal housing pledged loan debt sales, in exchange for loans or high liquidity of short-term debt, growth of liquidity.

  (iv) Strengthen the internal management of commercial banks

  Strictly review the loan procedures – in the process of signing the contract, it is necessary to strictly review the relevant contract clauses and supplementary clauses, and also appraise the authenticity and validity of the seals and signatures, and do a good job of file registration and management, because the self housing loans have the qualities of many information and long preservation time. Track the establishment of individual housing title – should grasp and track the exact time of the completion and delivery of the housing in time to urge the developers to deal with the relevant procedures of the title until the housing other rights certificate is obtained for the bank loan. Strengthening professional business – Regular training of legal knowledge and professional knowledge should be greatly strengthened to achieve the integration of three elements of talent development, training and use, and constantly strengthen the comprehensive level of practitioners to reduce artificial risks. In addition, timely monitoring services and customers to strengthen communication and exchange, to overcome the trend of bank loans light management, overdue for a short period of time, should be collected in a timely manner so as not to cause misunderstanding borrowers, even if the bank loan owes a few periods and no one care not fluke, increasing the overdue situation.

  (E) improve China’s commercial banks personal housing loans risk transfer mechanism

  Personal housing loan transactions when commercial banks in China often require borrowers to provide collateral security, or please third-party guarantees, the borrower fails to repay, commercial banks can be realized collateral against the borrower’s failure to return the principal and interest on the loan, or through the guarantor’s assumption of guaranteed repayment of debt, compensation for the borrower to the bank owes the loan principal and interest. Then, whether the loan can be repaid depends on the credit status of the borrower on the one hand, and is closely related to the value of the collateral provided by the borrower and the guarantee degree of the guarantor on the other hand, so commercial banks should regularly conduct risk assessment on the status of the collateral provided by the borrower, and should also pay attention to the realization degree of the collateral in time. In the actual business, if the borrower uses the ownership of the house as collateral, when the loan cannot be repaid on time, the commercial bank can recover the principal and interest of the loan by legal means or sell the borrower’s collateral to repay the loan in order to avoid the occurrence of losses.

Research on teaching reform of residential planning principles based on social development needs

Since the reform and opening up of China, urban construction has been in the stage of rapid expansion, especially the large-scale residential development and construction. Behind the thriving urban development, some cities have also paid a heavy price, such as the reduction of urban characteristics, the decrease of vitality, and the break of the original residents’ lifestyle and neighborhood relationship.

The national new urbanization construction puts forward “people-oriented” and “ecological civilization”, which requires the transformation of urban development from rough and loose to connotative ecological civilized cities, from emphasizing “quantity” to emphasizing “quality”. “This transformation is not only a strategic issue of urban development and construction at the national level, but also a new problem faced by urban and rural planning disciplines.

As the first major function of the city, how should the planning and construction of the city be people-oriented and reflect the current new urbanization and ecological civilization?

Characteristics of the contemporary background

(1) Change from “incremental planning” to “stock planning

In recent years, some big cities such as Shenzhen and Shanghai have proposed the concept of “stock planning”, and the focus of their urban planning has changed from incremental planning of spatial expansion to stock planning of functional optimization and adjustment of built-up areas.

The residential areas built in the 1970s and 1980s in each city are facing the problem that the internal and external functions and external forms are not adapted to the current pace of urban development and residents’ living requirements, and are in urgent need of a new round of renewal and transformation.

Most of the teaching materials do not contain the content related to the renewal and transformation of old residential areas, therefore, such a teaching system cannot meet the requirements of the social development trend on the knowledge structure of talents.

(2) The coming of the aging society

The definition of aging society is usually defined as when the population of a country or region aged 60 or above accounts for 10% of the total population, or the population aged 65 or above accounts for 7% of the total population, which means that the population of this country or region is in an aging society. information from the National Bureau of Statistics at the end of 2014 shows that the population aged 60 or above accounts for 15.5% of the total population in China, and the population aged 65 or above accounts for 10.1% of the total population.

The Research Report on the Forecast of China’s Population Aging Development Trend published by the Office of the National Working Committee on Aging points out that the aging population will exceed 400 million in 2050, and will continue to stabilize at about 31% in 2051.

It can be seen that China’s aging society is rapidly approaching with irreversible momentum. As the main space for the elderly to live, how to adapt to the needs of the aging society, the teaching of residential planning should make professional education and response to this.

(3) Change of residential market demand

With the development of economy and the improvement of people’s living standard, the concept of living has changed from the pursuit of “survival living” to “high quality living”, which has put forward higher requirements for the landscape environment, green ecological environment, supporting facilities and community neighborhood of residential areas. What people buy is no longer just a house but a perfect community.

The current residential planning education mainly focuses on making students master the planning layout of residential areas, but the design of residential landscape and spatial environment has not been given enough attention from theoretical teaching or curriculum design, and the landscape design lacks systematization, and the design consciousness and concept based on meeting the actual needs of users have not been formed.

Problems of the original teaching mode

(1) Disconnect between principle teaching and curriculum design

The subject of urban and rural planning has strong professional and practical characteristics, therefore, the main courses are generally formulated with two teaching links of principles and course design practice. Course design is the deepening and knowledge experience of planning principle learning.

In the teaching, students often get the task book of residential group design with a blank face, unable to realize the basic principles of residential planning in the design, more difficult to achieve the live learning of knowledge, that is, the phenomenon of the principle to design fault, the teaching effect of course design is poor.

(2) Lack of creativity in landscape design

Students lack of systematic landscape design knowledge system support, especially for the residential landscape environment design knowledge system, therefore, after the students do planning layout, for landscape design is often unable to start, lack of creativity.

In addition, most of the full-time teachers who serve as the course design have professional background in urban planning, they are more evaluation for residential landscape design, and often do not have enough depth for guiding students’ design, and the final landscape environment is mostly a green field, lacking diversity, thus affecting the effect of the final program and failing to achieve the proper functional requirements.

(3) the lack of diversified teaching methods path

Information technology is constantly affecting and changing us, and this is also true for urban planning teaching. Many subject teachers, especially the middle-aged and older teachers born before 70, are weak in their ability to use information technology platform to assist teaching, while the younger generation after 90 is deeply influenced by modern technology, and they are highly dependent on the Internet. Students with active thinking and strong self-awareness prefer and accept the form of real-time interaction with teachers for learning.

The current teaching is still based on face-to-face one-way transmission of classroom teaching, therefore, it is far from meeting the requirements of the current information era.

Teaching ideas adjustment and exploration

(A) Improve the teaching content

First of all, increase the knowledge content of old residential renewal, and pay attention to the role of this part of knowledge in the principle of residential planning. Improve the knowledge system of old district renewal in teaching, not only the concept education of old district planning, but also the design strategy and planning.

It also includes the establishment of specific knowledge systems such as design strategies and planning methods. Emphasize the consideration of traditional residential culture and social issues, and improve the functions and quality of old urban areas in each city through the renewal of old areas, especially those built under the policy of housing allocation in kind before 1998.

Secondly, strengthen education on urban planning response to the aging society. Community aging is an important part of China’s way of aging. In the teaching of settlement planning, the spatial needs of the elderly group are analyzed from the perspective of behavioral psychology to strengthen planning and design responses to their living needs.

Again, strengthen the education of settlement landscape design knowledge system. For example, landscape design courses should be offered before residential planning and design, so as to change landscape design, which is mainly based on how to achieve graphic expression, into space design, which is based on how to be used and felt by residents, in order to meet the current requirements of “high-quality residential areas” and the living needs of residents.

Finally, in the design of construction detailed planning course, the design of new development-based residential planning is changed into the form of three kinds of design tasks, namely, new development of residential areas, renewal of old areas, and planning of old residential areas (or residential areas of specific groups), so that students can choose their own, and later, through the presentation of results, improve the construction of knowledge system of different selected topics.   

(B) Reform of the teaching process

The teaching process is changed from “theory→practice” to “theory→experience→practice”. The setting of “experience” is not only to use live cases for on-site teaching or to let students experience the visual impact brought by real scenes, but also to set questions and teaching objectives from two levels: physical space and residents’ needs and physical space and residents’ spiritual belonging, so that students can go to the site with questions and tasks to experience and research.

In the final reporting session, professional property managers and resident representatives can be invited to participate in the discussion. In this process, students naturally combine theory and practice to pave the way to the course design and make a better design, and also improve students’ research and social investigation ability.

(C) Increase the teaching content of scientific evaluation methods of the program

The era of big data has brought about a great impact on urban planning. In order to better guide urban planning and construction, scholars need data visualization studies and evaluation of physical space. The current analysis of quantitative evaluation of new scenario generation is mainly based on software simulation, data prediction, and comparison with relevant normative limits. For the analysis of the environment of old district renovation mainly through instrumentation or monitoring, the analysis involves sound, light, heat, wind, air quality, soil, etc. These quantitative evaluation knowledge systems and methods can better guide the practice and make the plan and design more convincing and scientific, so the relevant knowledge systems should be properly introduced into urban planning education.

Conclusion

In the future, with the development of new urbanization in China, the solution of urban housing problems will be more complex and the research methods and fields involved will be more diversified.

Therefore, the teaching of urban and rural planning needs to pay close attention to national policies, market orientation, social and economic development, and the needs of residents’ life, strengthen the research of urban and rural planning teaching and practice, cultivate planning talents who meet the practical needs, and promote the improvement and benign development of urban and rural living environment.

The teaching reform of “composition” course of furniture design and manufacturing in higher vocational education

The rapid development of China’s furniture industry requires a large number of applied technical talents, so higher vocational colleges and universities are bound to take up the important mission of training and transporting a large number of new-age furniture industry workers with furniture design and manufacturing capabilities for the country.

Under the new situation of modern vocational education, the education and teaching of the profession must be reformed in order to keep up with the development of the industry, so that the training of talents and social needs can be closely combined.

The course of “Composition” mainly contains three major parts: plane composition, color composition and three-dimensional composition, which is a professional basic course required for higher vocational furniture design and manufacturing majors, and it plays an important role in inspiring students’ innovative thinking and cultivating their imagination, aesthetic and hands-on ability in the basic teaching of art design.

Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out research on the reform of the teaching of “composition” course in furniture design and manufacturing in higher vocational level to cultivate the application technology talents in shortage in furniture industry.

Problems of teaching “composition” course in higher vocational furniture design and manufacturing

(1) The teaching content and the subsequent professional courses cannot be effectively connected.

In the training program of furniture design in China, “composition” course is positioned as a compulsory basic course, which is usually taught by young teachers. However, these young teachers, who have just graduated, generally lack practical experience in design and production, and usually do not have a deep understanding of the talent cultivation goal of “cultivating vocational ability” in higher vocational institutions. As a result, although students understand some of the principles of composition, they do not know how to combine them with the future application of furniture design.

This kind of disconnected and divided teaching method is not only difficult to stimulate students’ interest in learning, but also very unfavorable to the cultivation of their innovative ability and design thinking.

(2) The teaching mode lacks relevance.

“Composition” course is a compulsory basic course for all design majors, but the teaching objectives of different design majors should have their own focus.

For example, the students of furniture design and manufacturing should be biased to cultivate their monolithic design ability, the students of architectural interior design should be biased to cultivate their spatial design ability, and the students of advertising design and production should be biased to cultivate their graphic design ability. …… This requires teachers to design different teaching programs according to the talent cultivation goals of different design majors. This requires teachers to design different teaching programs and adopt different teaching modes flexibly according to the talent cultivation objectives of different design majors.

However, higher vocational institutions often have insufficient teachers, and usually designate one teacher to be responsible for teaching “composition” courses for students of several different design majors. For the sake of saving time, these teachers often use one textbook, one set of teaching plan and one set of PPT to deal with the composition teaching tasks of different design majors. This single and similar teaching mode is not effectively combined with the characteristics of the majors, and the final teaching effect is unsatisfactory, which can hardly meet the requirements of different design majors in higher vocational institutions.

(3) The teaching mode of undergraduate is rigidly applied.

Most of the students of furniture design and manufacturing in higher education are engineering students who do not have solid foundation in painting and modeling, and generally have weak theoretical understanding, insensitive perception of art form beauty and lack of aesthetic ability.

However, many teachers do not recognize the characteristics of these students, and still use the traditional teaching methods they used in undergraduate education, i.e., instilling some boring theoretical knowledge into students in the classroom and making them copy a lot of composition works after class. This leads to students’ fear and even aversion to learning because of the difficulty in understanding some abstract theoretical knowledge and the difficulty in copying a large amount of manual work.

In addition, traditional hand-made composition works require students to buy a lot of drawing tools, coloring tools, drawing paper and model-making materials at their own expense, which causes a big financial burden to many poor students and to a certain extent, discourages them from learning the composition course.

Therefore, teachers in higher vocational institutions cannot copy the teaching mode of “composition” course of undergraduate institutions, and must take appropriate reform measures according to the characteristics of higher vocational students’ learning conditions.

Teaching reform measures of “composition” course in higher vocational furniture design and manufacturing

In view of the above-mentioned problems in the current teaching situation of “composition” course in higher vocational institutions, we have taken a series of reform measures in the teaching practice of “composition” course of furniture design and manufacturing in Guangxi Ecological Engineering Vocational College for many years. We have taken a series of reform measures in the teaching practice of “composition” course of furniture design and manufacturing program of Guangxi Ecological Engineering Vocational and Technical College for many years and achieved good results initially.

(1) Revise the personnel training program and “composition” course standard, and increase the supervision of teaching.

We actively declared the teaching reform topic of Guangxi Education Department, set up the teaching reform group of “composition” course of furniture design and manufacturing, organized members to conduct extensive research on many domestic famous furniture enterprises and sister institutions of higher education, and fully understood the demand of furniture industry for professional ability and other institutions of higher education. On the premise of understanding the demand of furniture industry for vocational ability and the characteristics of “composition”, we revised the talent training program and “composition” course standard of furniture design and manufacturing. For example, in the process of developing the talent training program, we adjusted the “Composition” course, which was originally scheduled to be taught in the first semester of freshman year, to be taught in the first semester of sophomore year.

After learning the basic courses of hand-drawing, software and design theory in the first year, students can understand and absorb the “Composition” course more easily with certain modeling ability and theoretical foundation, and the quality of the finished works can be improved to a great extent, which greatly enhances students’ interest and confidence in learning composition knowledge.

In addition, we ask the director of the teaching and research department to supervise the teaching process of teachers to ensure that teachers can carry out the teaching of composition in strict accordance with the standard of the approved professional curriculum, to stop the single mode of teaching, and to ensure that they teach the relevant knowledge points of composition and the subsequent professional curriculum to closely connect the knowledge points.

(2) Increase the training of teachers’ teaching and practice ability.

On the one hand, the old teachers who have rich teaching experience and practical experience in furniture design should take up the teaching task of “composition” course, and the new teachers are required to go to the classroom of the old teachers to listen to and learn from them, so that they can understand and master the teaching ideas and methods of “composition” course in higher vocational colleges more quickly. The new teachers are required to attend and study in the classrooms of the veteran teachers so that they can understand and master the teaching ideas and methods of “composition” courses in higher education institutions more quickly, so that they can teach according to their own abilities.

On the other hand, we should make relevant policies to encourage young teachers to go to relevant departments of furniture enterprises for practical exercises in their spare time, and hire senior professional technicians, management experts and senior technicians with rich practical experience and special skills from furniture associations and furniture factories to train young teachers, so as to improve their ability in furniture design and production practice, and require them to add more “composition” teaching to their classes. In the teaching of “composition”, the proportion of design and comprehensive practical teaching is increased, so that students can be guided to connect and apply the composition knowledge points with the subsequent furniture design-related courses in the teaching process.   

(3) Based on the furniture design and manufacturing profession, compile more practical school-based teaching materials.

At present, most of the textbooks published in the market for “composition” course are more theoretical and less practical training, and there are not many cases of professional design applications. In order to strengthen the practicality of the textbook, we organized some excellent teachers to compile the school-based textbook of “Composition” course. In the preparation, we discarded some abstract and obscure theoretical knowledge and added a lot of hands-on training tasks according to the teaching characteristics of “competence as the goal and task as the carrier” in higher vocational institutions, which is more conducive to further improving students’ hands-on ability.

In addition, we have collected the most outstanding design cases of current furniture design in the school textbook. By guiding students to think about the relationship between composition knowledge and these actual cases, the teacher cultivates their ability to apply composition knowledge to furniture design in training practice and makes them clearer about the importance of learning composition knowledge for their future professional design work, thus greatly enhancing their interest and motivation in learning “composition”. The students’ interest and motivation in learning “composition” course are greatly enhanced.

(4) The introduction of computer-aided design software and 3D printing technology into the composition practice training session.

At present, the traditional composition practice training in various institutions is generally done by students manually, which is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also requires students to purchase a large amount of materials at their own expense, causing a large economic burden and easily causing students to resist. In order to solve this problem, we introduced computer-aided design software and 3D printing technology into the composition practice training session.

First of all, in the curriculum of furniture design and manufacturing students, we require them to master the basic operation knowledge of computer-aided design software such as Auto CAD, 3D MAX and Sketch Up in their freshman year, and innovatively introduce these auxiliary design software into the composition practice training session in their sophomore year, which not only greatly improves the efficiency of students in completing their works, but also As a result, not only did it greatly improve the students’ efficiency in completing their works, but also reduced their financial burden of purchasing materials.

In addition, since the design software is not limited by materials and processes in the modeling process, it also largely expands the students’ creative expression and helps to cultivate their creative abilities. Secondly, in order to further materialize the models designed virtually by the computer software, we also introduce advanced 3D printing technology into the composition model making process. The 3D printer can be used to print out the virtual models designed by the students using 3D software, so that they can truly observe and feel the effect of the three-dimensional models they designed.

In addition, we also exhibited some of the outstanding models as visual teaching achievements, which gave the exhibiting students a strong sense of honor and achievement and further enhanced their interest in the “Composition” course.

(5) Make full use of modern education information technology to develop online courses and establish a course resource library.

As the “2+1” talent training mode is commonly implemented in higher vocational colleges, all courses need to be taught within two years, which leads to a lot of reduction in the class time of some courses compared with the similar courses in undergraduate colleges. In terms of the “composition” course, some undergraduate institutions often arrange as much as 80 class hours, while the furniture design and manufacturing majors in higher vocational institutions can only arrange 48 class hours. Under the premise of extremely limited class time, it is difficult to achieve good teaching effect if the teachers cannot arrange the teaching schedule reasonably.

In order to solve the problem of less class time, we introduced modern education information technology in teaching, and recorded several important knowledge points of the “Composition” course into a micro lesson for students to watch and learn repeatedly before or after class. On the basis of this, we integrate the relevant courseware, classical cases, excellent composition works of teachers and students, practice questions and answers into a teaching resource library, and set up the “Composition” online course on the college website. Through this network course, students can learn composition-related knowledge at any time no matter where they are, which not only greatly improves their learning autonomy, but also alleviates the problem of teacher’s lecture time tension to a certain extent and achieves a better teaching effect.

Practice has proved that through years of teaching reform and exploration of the “composition” course of furniture design and manufacturing, the teaching effect has been significantly improved, and students’ innovation, aesthetics, modeling and design and hands-on ability have been significantly improved and enhanced.

We have repeatedly exhibited a large number of excellent student works that emerged during the teaching reform of “Composition” course in the whole college, and the response was enthusiastic and favorable. In addition, the “composition” course has laid a solid design foundation for students to study in subsequent professional courses.

Although we have achieved some results in the teaching reform of the “Composition” course of furniture design and manufacturing in our college, which can be used as reference for our peers, with the rapid development of furniture industry, the employment standards of furniture enterprises are also improving, and the teaching reform of related professions in higher vocational colleges must keep pace with the times and be optimized.

Therefore, in the future teaching reform practice, we know that we still need to continue to explore in order to cultivate more senior technical skill talents to meet the national industry development needs.

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